{"id":992,"date":"2021-12-18T07:46:46","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T07:46:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/marchoflife.lv\/?page_id=992"},"modified":"2022-01-12T16:49:25","modified_gmt":"2022-01-12T14:49:25","slug":"holocaust-history-in-latvia","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/marchoflife.lv\/en\/about\/holocaust-history-in-latvia\/","title":{"rendered":"Holocaust history in Latvia"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Holocaust history in Latvia<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Rumbula Memorial site in outskirts Riga <\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Holocaust history in Latvia<\/b><\/p>

Excerpt from the article <\/span>\u201cThe Holocaust in Nazi Occupied Latvia\u201d<\/span><\/a> by Valters Nollendorfs.<\/span><\/p>

The Holocaust of Jews and Roma, instigated and carried out by German Nazis upon occupying Latvia in 1941, was a premeditated, deliberate and merciless act of annihilation for purely racial reasons. The murder of Latvian Jews began immediately after the occupation army had entered the territory of Latvia and was completed by the end of 1941. Individual Latvians were co-opted to participate in the killings, which were oftentimes manipulated to look like they were carried out without German participation.<\/span><\/p>

In the Baltic region<\/b>, the Holocaust was organised and supervised by a special Operational Unit of the Nazi Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst\u2014S.D.) commanded by Major General (Brigadef\u00fchrer) Walter Stahlecker. This unit arrived with the advance troops of the occupying army. From November 1941, command was assumed by S.S. and Police General Friedrich Jeckeln, the Supreme Commander of the S.S. and Police in Northern Russia and Ostland.<\/span><\/p>

According to documented sources, Stahlecker Operational Unit A was directed to initiate spontaneous pogroms by the local population in the occupied Baltic territory. The attempts to do so were not successful.<\/span><\/p>

However, individual Latvians were co-opted to become accomplices in furthering the Nazi aims. Several SD auxiliary units were formed. The unit commanded by Viktors Ar\u0101js (the \u201cAr\u0101js Commando\u201d) existed the longest and gained the greatest notoriety. In 1941 it numbered some 300 men and participated in the Holocaust in Latvian territory; additional men were recruited in 1942 when the unit was involved in punitive actions and Nazi crimes along the eastern border in Russia and Belarus.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Holocaust in Riga <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\"\"Holocaust in Riga<\/b><\/p>

Excerpt from the article <\/span>\u201cRiga | Holocaust Encyclopedia\u201d<\/span><\/a><\/p>

German forces occupied Riga, Latvia in July 1941. Soon after, they established a ghetto in the city. German SS and police units and Latvian auxiliaries murdered thousands of Riga’s Jews in shootings. Over three days in November and December 1941 alone, at least 25,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto were shot in the Rumbula Forest. By the city’s liberation in 1944, almost all of the Jews in Riga had been killed.<\/span><\/p>

German <\/span>Einsatzgruppen<\/span><\/i> <\/a>together with Latvian auxiliaries, shot several thousand Jews shortly after German forces entered the city. In mid-August, the Germans ordered the establishment of a ghetto in the southeastern area of the city; this ghetto was sealed in October 1941, imprisoning some 30,000 Jews. In late November and early December of 1941, the Germans announced that they intended to settle the majority of ghetto inhabitants “further east.” On November 30 and December 8-9, at least 25,000 Jews from the Riga ghetto were shot by German SS and police units and their Latvian auxiliaries in the nearby\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Rumbula<\/a>\u00a0Forest.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0\u00a0…when the people got there they were told to undress, put the shoe in one pile, the shoes in one pile, clothing in another pile, driven to the edges of these mass graves, and machine-gunned. It was going on all night and the next day. Fifteen thousand of our people were massacred in that particular day.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

The surviving 4,000-5,000 Jews were incarcerated in an area of the ghetto known as the “small” or “Latvian” ghetto. The Germans also deported some 20,000 Jews from Germany, Austria, and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia to Riga. The section of the ghetto where these foreign Jews were imprisoned was called the “big” or “German” ghetto, established as a separate entity from the “Latvian” ghetto. A transport of 1,000 Jews from the German Reich shared the fate of the murdered Riga Jews. Most of the remaining German Jews deported to Riga were also later killed in the Rumbula<\/a> Forest.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>

Several hundred Jews in the Riga ghetto organized resistance activities against the Germans. Small groups sought to escape from the ghetto and join <\/span>partisans<\/a> in the surrounding forests. In October 1942, German police discovered a small band of members of the Jewish underground outside the ghetto. In reprisal for partisan activities, the Germans seized and killed more than 100 people from the ghetto and executed almost all Jewish policemen on suspicion of participating in resistance activities.<\/span><\/p>

In the summer of 1943, the Germans deported some ghetto inhabitants to the Kaiserwald concentration camp, which had been established in March in the north of the city. Others were deported to Kaiserwald subcamps nearby. The Germans destroyed the ghetto in December 1943 and deported the last Jews to Kaiserwald. The surviving Jews in Latvia, from the destroyed ghettos of Riga, Liepaja, and Dvinsk, were concentrated in Kaiserwald and its subcamps.<\/span><\/p>

\u00a0<\/span>In 1944, in an attempt to destroy evidence of mass murder, the Germans forced prisoners to reopen mass graves in Rumbula and burn the bodies. Once the work was completed, the Germans then killed these prisoners. In the summer of 1944, the Germans murdered thousands of Jews then held in Kaiserwald and its subcamps. Those remaining alive were later deported to the Stutthof concentration camp in Germany.<\/span><\/p>

On October 13, 1944, the Soviet army liberated Riga. Almost all of Riga’s Jews had been murdered by the Nazis.\u00a0 <\/span>Text Author(s): United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC … more History<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Einsatzgruppen:<\/b> This German word is translated into English literally as “special action groups.” Einsatzgruppen are also often referred to in English as “mobile killing units.” They were special units of the German Security Police (Sicherheitspolizei, SiPo) and the Security Service (Sicherheitsdienst, SD), created as early as 1938. Einsatzgruppen were assigned for duty in territories newly seized by the German armed forces. Their task was to carry out various security measures, such as identifying and neutralizing potential enemies of German rule, seizing important sites and preventing sabotage, and recruiting collaborators, and establishing intelligence networks. They are best known for their role in the murder of more than a million Jewish victims during the German-Soviet war (beginning in June 1941), usually in mass shootings.<\/span><\/p>

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Links for more information on the topic:<\/strong><\/p>

https:\/\/okupacijasmuzejs.lv\/rumbula\/en\/<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/okupacijasmuzejs.lv\/en\/visit-us\/permanent-exhibition\/<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/okupacijasmuzejs.lv\/en\/history\/nazi-occupation\/the-holocaust-in-nazi-occupied-latvia<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/armed-jewish-resistance-partisans<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/okupacijasmuzejs.lv\/en\/history\/1-soviet-occupation\/\/<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/riga<\/span><\/a>
https:\/\/encyclopedia.ushmm.org\/content\/en\/article\/riga<\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Holocaust history in Latvia Rumbula Memorial site in outskirts Riga Holocaust history in Latvia Excerpt from the article \u201cThe Holocaust in Nazi Occupied Latvia\u201d by Valters Nollendorfs. The Holocaust of Jews and Roma, instigated and carried out by German Nazis upon occupying Latvia in 1941, was a premeditated, deliberate and merciless act of annihilation for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":442,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-992","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nHolocaust history in Latvia - March of Life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"http:\/\/marchoflife.lv\/en\/about\/holocaust-history-in-latvia\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Holocaust history in Latvia - March of Life\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Holocaust history in Latvia Rumbula Memorial site in outskirts Riga Holocaust history in Latvia Excerpt from the article \u201cThe Holocaust in Nazi Occupied Latvia\u201d by Valters Nollendorfs. 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